the Trojan horse

3,000 years ago nobody nos why there was a war Greeks VS Trojans some people say that the war started because the prince of Troy had stolen the most beautiful woman in the world and the Greek came to rescue the most beautiful woman in the world and her name is Helen.For the Greeks had been outside the Trojan territory for 10 years because of a wall then the Greeks thought of a trick.The next morning the Trojans were surprised to see no Greeks but a wooden house that has Greeks in it.And the rest were hiding behind a inland. After the Trojans had gone to bed with out any weapons then the Greeks came out of the horse and open the gates and let the rest of the Greeks in.

My Minecraft Makeing Dream

                                                                       Chapter 1
                                                                             

Once upon a time there was a man. It was me, SEAN! I was reading a book about Minecraft. And this book of Minecraft was about this:

There was a young man named Steve. He was one of the most popular people in the Minecraft world because he stops Herobrine, the most powerful person in the universe, from his evil plans. But each time Steve put him in  the highest security jail in the entire world.  The chance of not getting out is 99%. And yet Herobrine keeps on escaping. Then one day Steve was kidnapped by a man named Notch, one of the top ten powerful god in the world. Notch said that Herobrine escaped with all the bad guys so the world was in high alert! However Notch said the city was in good hands but everyone did not listen. An invasion happened soon and Notch was kidnapped by Herobrine.  Herobrine said he would be back. And left a zombie leader or as the zombie call him the lava freak in charge. I never forgot Notch's last words he said help. But he also said helpful words there are 14 people can help you Steve but minecontrolled by a evil sorcerer called the Pupped-master.The people are: Popularmos,Jen,Stamy,Iballisticsquid,Cheeseyhead,Le Bear,Cho cho,DAN The 
Diamond Minecart,Grim,Dr Trayaurus,TheCodyMaverick,Joebuz,LittleLizard,TinyTurtle.So I tacked some diamond swords ,a bows,arrows ,diamond armor and food so I set off to stop Herobrine but first I had to kill 
the lava freak!

After Steve killed him something pop in front of me it said 159 evil souls and next to the right there was a lever and a sign that said notch's heaven shop I pulled the lever and I teleported  to a shop and there it was a destroyed shop and I saw country prisoners they attacked me but I managed to stop the minions from attacking me but not the leader: The Joker the weak
about 5 damage,200 health,no weapon,no armor.
killed him in no time I buyed I bogthed spy stuff I heard the next boss was A,K,A: the golden gunner.weapon=big emerald sword and guns,armor=full set of spy armor,I realized that some of the evil soul were gone because I traded the evil souls to the villager so I had 125 they said that after each level there shop will be there.

I set of to fine the hidden base  underwater found this cave with no water inside then I steeped on a trap I got splashed by a weakness,slowness,poison and regeneration potion.Two spy's with guns attack Steve so he attacked back and commed to tell where is  them where is the golden gunner he said you will only fine the son. He took out a pen push the butten and exploded Steve got up with one heart left nothing really helped so he drunk milk and Steve kept going and it keep repeating until  a giant lab it had everything unless it was fake Steve walk fowerd and then got trapped from a preser plate hundreds of weak spy's surrounded Steve and Steve got dragged to the golden gunner surrounded by spy's went to a jail for good guys locked up then Steve toughed maybe it's worth a try to think like a thief for a hundred time's they still got Steve so he craft,builted and all of them were fails tnt,crowbar,gravity gun,Bactria.Nothing work and the moon was rising so Steve when to bed suddenly a earthquake hit in the middle of the night so Steve woke up and found it brock the gate's of all prisoner's open so there was a rampage so Steve snicked to a door that  sign: [exit] when Steve when in he was smacked in the face and fainted instead of a jail he was in a lair in... a test tube?The people outside the test tube did't look like the force's of Herobrine thought Steve then suddenly a person ran in and said that the boss himself A,K,A: The Golden Gunner  is finding a man named Steve but his mouth was traped with cloth & the last piece of the machine here a stack of redstone dust & craft a redstone repeater she put the redstone repeater into the machine and push a butten  then a piston and Steve fall down in to a machine e bob thing did this and that and finely it stop and Steve steped in a lava parkore room so he jumped here and there suddenly something I mean many thing's AAAHHHHH a ghast and a lava monster then after all of them died then two cinder guardians's came from the fire after they died suddenly a brainwash lava lobster boss after that he finsh the parkcore going down a hole back into the test tube.Then Booooooom suddenly the golden gunner came in and a whole lot of unstable ants biting spys then a ghast shot a fire ball ment to repel it but clicked one of the unstable ant and telapoted into The Danger Dimension.

Cartels

Cartels are many people that rule most of one thing in the world like olive oil

The main cartels that I know about are: 

OPEC = oil It started at September 1960 in Vienna, Austria OPEC means Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and here is OPEC's flag:OPEC have twelve members
in 2014 OPEC comprised twelve members: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq,Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia


De Beers = diamonds It started at 1888 in London De Beers means The De Beers Group of Companies

Learn More about Cartels here

The main cartels

OPEC = oil
De Beers = diamonds

Learn More about Cartels here

Mahatma Gandhi's Salt March

Mohandas Gandhi was a lawyer and he was popular many people called him Mahatma.That is a special name for a wise and good person.It was in India.

They were ruled by the England.So they were poor...very poor indeed they were poor most of all they had no salt. So he told them he was going to the river to make salt.That was against the law but they did it anyway.So he got arrested and went to jail cheerfully. He and his followers filled the jail and again  and again.Till the English gave up and left India alone. India owes its freedom to Mahatma Gandhi.

Why is Gold valuable?

       Gold is valuable because it is rare because you have to dig very deep underground  and you have to have some weird x-ray thing and get very little so i say it is not worth it see the rock down there your self!

	Ag ↑ Au ↓ Rg
platinum ← gold → mercury

   It is also very expensive and labor intensive to mine and wend he found gold heel jump and shout: "IF STRUCK  GOLLDD !!!!!"  Gold is inert it means  does not rust,corrode or degrade and therefore last forever like that Egyptian jewelry>. Moreover gold is malleable, which means it can be stretched, pounded and twisted without breaking or cracking. Thus gold is made into jewelry. Gold is also used in computers because it is an excellent conductor of electricity. All of these properties of gold makes gold valuable. It is used as a universal currency because everyone agrees that it is valuable.

http://ezinearticles.com/?Why-is-Gold-So-Valuable?&id=2231061

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Why Gold has several characteristics that made it a good choice for money. Until the atomic bomb was invented, nothing on Earth could create or destroy gold. Gold does not oxidize (rust) or react with other compounds. It is inert. While gold is rare, it is not too rare. There is enough available to make it practical to use for money. A piece of gold can easily be divided into smaller pieces and smaller pieces can easily be combined into a larger piece.  All gold is equal. One gold bar is worth the same amount as any other gold bar of the same weight, while one half-carat diamond may be worth much more than another half-carat diamond due to difference in cut, clarity, etc. Gold is easy to handle and store. 
 It certainly does not hurt that gold is shiny and attractive to the human eye. 

The value never drop's Ductility: Gold is a very ductile metal. In metallurgy, ductility measures how much a metal can be drawn out into a wire. For example, 1 ounce of gold can be converted into more than 50 miles of gold wire! This gold wire can then be applied in electronics and used as an electric conductor.Malleability: Pure gold (24 karat) is a very malleable metal and is prized by craftsmen around the world who shape it into jewelry and other objects of beauty. One ounce of gold can be transformed into more than 96 square feet of gold sheet!Quasi-indestructibility: Gold has high resistance levels and doesn’t easily corrode. Corrosive agents such as oxygen and heat have almost no effect on gold, which can retain its luster over long periods of time (think thousands of years). The only chemical that can affect gold is cyanide, which dissolves gold.Rarity: Gold is one of the rarest natural resources on earth. Most people don’t realize this, but only about 150,000 tons of gold have ever been produced since humans first began mining gold more than 6,000 years ago. To give you an idea of how little that is, all the gold in the world wouldn't even fill up four Olympic-size swimming pools!

• And because most gold is recycled and never destroyed, a majority of gold is still in use today. About 15 percent of gold is recycled every year.
• 

• Prices are not set by any one organization, but are a balance between the cost of producing a mineral (extracting it from the ground and purifying it) and what people are willing to pay for it. Gold is very rare and relatively expensive to produce, so the base price must be fairly high. If lots of people want to use gold and are trying to buy it, they will have to compete with each other for the gold and that will drive the price up. If not so many people want the gold, the price will stay closer to the actual cost of production. Aluminum is much more common in the earth's crust than gold (8% of Earth's crust), so it is cheaper to produce. Iron (another cheaper one) makes up 5% of Earth's crust.If you want more information on this, I would try asking an economics teacher.

  There are two major factors that go hand in hand to determine the value of different elements:abundance & popularity. Another major factor is work.Elements that are very abundant such as Aluminum are very cheap. This is because aluminum can be found everywhere. Although Gold is still quite abundant because of its popularity it has become very valuable. There are some elements that are not very abundant and are not very valuable --but as popularity of these elements increases, so does the value. An example of this is Ruthenium.Now work, a person's time is of some value so if a lot of work goes into mining or harvesting different elements this adds to the value of these elements as well.

  This answer is going to involve both some chemistry and some economics, so get ready.The key here is rarity -- rare things are more valuable. If you have a friend who collects baseball cards, he can tell you that a Babe Ruth card from 1930 is worth thousands of dollars because there are very few of them around, whereas a Derek Jeter card from 2001 isn't worth much at all because almost anybody can find one. It's the same thing with precious metals -- gold is a very rare element, so it's more valuable than common elements such as iron.Rarity also lets gold work well as a currency. Currencies only function well if they have a relatively stable 'volume' (when economists talk about volume, they mean the total amount in circulation). This is why the US Government controls the supply of dollar bills so there are only a certain number in circulation at any given time. If everyone could just print their own money, it would quickly lose value and be a worthless currency (think about it -- right now you'd take $10 to mow your neighbor's lawn, because you can then use that $10 to buy something else. But if you can just print your own $10, you'll no longer accept dollars as payment for any service you perform). Gold is really hard to come by -- you can't just go dig up a bunch of gold in your back yard -- so it has a stable volume and therefore maintains a relatively constant value. We are still mining gold, so the global volume of gold is increasing, but only very slowly.The other reason gold works so well as a currency is chemical -- gold is one of those metals that do not readily oxidize, so gold coins will maintain a constant weight. Iron coins wouldn't work very well -- if you aren't careful with them, your money will rust away. Copper coins aren't especially good either, because when they oxidize they will gain some weight (from the extra oxygen atoms). So if the weight of a copper coin will depend on how old it is and how long it's been sitting out in the air and turning into copper oxide. If you want a currency to be based on the weight of coins (which is really the only option) this is bad news.So gold is rare, has a fairly stable volume, and doesn't rust away. This makes it a useful currency and so it was our primary currency for thousands of years (actually until the 1970s when President Nixon stopped the direct link between the value of the US Dollar and the value of the US gold reserves).You might have noticed that I have used iron instead of aluminum as a counterexample to gold. Humans have only been able to isolate aluminum from bauxite ore relatively recently, so it was not around in ancient times to compete with gold. If it had been, it might have actually fared quite well -- aluminum is a very handy metal that is harder and lighter than gold, so it makes better tools and weapons. It's also not terribly common -- most of our aluminum comes from a few mines in Australia, I believe. But aluminum does oxidize (although only very slowly) so gold would still have the upper hand there.

  This is a very interesting question. Gold is relatively rare in the earth's crust, and particularly because of its value in making jewelry, it has always been worth a lot of money. Aluminum is very common, and is nowadays, easily formed as the pure metal, so it is not very cheap. However, about 150 years ago, the current process of extracting aluminum from its oxide did not exist, and it was actually more expensive than gold. So it is important to recognize that the process by which an element is obtained plays a big part in what it costs.

  Rarity is definitely one issue. H2O is not very expensive because there is a lot of it around. Silver and Gold on the other hand, like, say, diamonds are very rare. On top of that, the usefulness of a substance makes its price high. Au (gold) is very useful because it has some excellent chemical properties (very inert) and also its malleable and can be worked as body decoration (rings and bracelets etc.) Diamonds have industrial use because they are very hard and are good abrasives.So the common elements of rarity and usefulness to humans make for their great worth. Al(aluminum) is all over the place ...about 15% of any rock is Al2O3...hence its very common and easy to get.

  The price of metals depends on their value to humans, their availability, and how difficult it is to extract them. Gold has always been valued because it is pretty; it does not tarnish, so you can make statues and jewelry and it does not turn black with age; it is soft so you can mold it, and it melts fairly easily. It has been used in jewelry and worship for thousands of years. Aluminum is more abundant, and lighter than gold, but is getting depleted from the ground, so it's getting more expensive, but is not considered a precious metal.

  The short answer is because the market says so. Over the course of thousands of years of trial and error, consenting adults engaging in commercial acts settled on it to perform the function of money. Why did people choose gold? Because, over time it was identified as having the greatest liquidity of all possible contenders. A person bringing a relatively illiquid item to market could swap it for gold, secure in the knowledge that he could later use that gold to get whatever he wanted. So for example if someone wanted to get rid of a boat, they could exchange it for gold, knowing that they would be able to reuse the gold later to buy something else.The element gold was probably chosen for the following reasons:Rarity. Gold constitutes only about 5 parts per billion of the Earth's crust. It is also difficult, dangerous and expensive to extract. Anyone who has actually been down a mineshaft knows just how precious a metal it is.Indestructibility. Gold doesn't tarnish or decay.Density. Gold doesn't take up much space. All the gold mined in human history amounts to about 130 thousand metric tons, an amount which would only fill about a 100 foot cube if gathered in one place.Malleability and divisibility. You can stretch it, pound it thin, and divide it into multiple tiny amounts.Controlled expansion. This is the most important quality. Gold can only be produced in limited quantities, currently at a peak rate of about 2,500 metric tons, or roughly 2%, each year. No matter what wars or social programs urgently need funding.You must also remember that gold is not valuable to all cultures. The Maya had plenty of gold but didn't value it highly. They used various shells to act as currency. Historical Prices of GoldThe current price of gold per ounce is nearing its all-time high over the past century. In 1915, gold was at $462.84 an ounce. The price per ounce remained fairly steady until February of 1980, when the price per ounce shot up to $2004.11. By 1982, the price was below $1,000 and followed a downturn for the next two decades. The price for an ounce began climbing again in late 2001 and has risen steadily to the current $1,231 per ounce.Gold Too Expensive?It is never a bad time to buy an asset for less than its replacement cost and gold currently costs near, but not above, its production cost. Production costs are rising along with the price of gold and mining companies are racing to produce more. For the medium term, there seems to be a low likelihood that production costs or demand for the yellow metal will drop. Also, the most powerful function of gold, the most convertible of all the precious metals, is its performance as a hedge against inflation and the continuing devaluation of the American dollar. The cost of not diversifying is far more expensive Why is Gold Worth More Than Other Metals?In terms of what is the most precious metal, the question directs toward both silver and platinum, which have many characteristics which make them valuable. (And to a lesser degree, palladium bullion). However, the indisputable fact remains that gold is worth more.The question is why?The short answer: abundance and popularity.Gold is a very rare element that can only be produced in limited quantities. Currently mining operations are only able to produce approximately 2,500 metric tons annually, regardless of the need or desire for the precious metal. Gold is indestructible, malleable and extremely portable. And though other precious metals like silver are just as liquid, the higher demand for gold makes it the more liquid of the two.an gold in the long term.Symbol: Au (from Latin aurum)Atomic number: 79.Weight: 196.97.One of the "noble" metals that do not oxidise under ordinary conditions.Used in jewellery, electronics, aerospace and medicine.Most gold in the earth's crust is thought to derive from meteors.Biggest producers: China, Australia, US, Russia.The True Value of Gold.The true value of gold is reflected in the prices people are willing to pay for it.  Not in the futures price one sees every day in the media.For example, the official price of gold in India is currently around $1416 per ounce.  That is 96,627.77 Rupees.  Yet people are forking out up to $1800 dollars per ounce.  Of course the Rupee has devalued somewhat, but that does not explain the big disparity in the price. Despite government sanctions and penalties on buying and owning gold, people are still willing to pay a big margin over the top.And India is not the only country where gold is valued more highly than currency.Currently in Japan gold bullion demand is double that of 2012 and on the Tokyo Commodity Exchange (TOCOM), earlier this year, gold hit a record price of 5,081 yen per gram (equal to 1,562 dollars an ounce).In Russia there is a good understanding of the value of gold. While the gold price in Russia is 47,013 Rubles ($1419), Vladimir Putin has instituted a policy of making Russia the biggest world gold buyer and Russia is now buying up gold like there is no tomorrow. The Russian Central bank now holds well over 570 metric tones and has surpassed China in the race to own more gold. The Vladimir Lenin gold coin has jumped 400 percent this year in perceived value. In an interview with Bloomberg earlier this year, “The more gold a country has, the more sovereignty it will have if there’s a cataclysm with the dollar, the euro, the pound or any other reserve currency,” said Evgeny Fedorov, a member of Putin’s United Russia Party. Many other countries, particularly Asian and South American, are following suit and its not just Central banks, individuals and institutions are also furiously stockpiling gold.Why Is Gold Expensive?There are three reasons why people have always placed a high value on gold : its beauty, its usefulness, and its scarcity. If iron were as scarce as gold, it would probably be just as treasured. Gold is a soft yellow metal. It is one of the heaviest chemical elements. A cubic foot of this metal weighs over 1,200 pounds. Gold is also one of the most easily worked metals. Gold is so easy to hammer and shape that less than 1/25 of an ounce of gold (one gram) can be beaten into a sheet 6 feet square.Unlike most metals, gold does not tarnish in the air. (You know what happens to silver, for example, when it is left lying about). Gold remains bright and shiny indefinitely.And this is probably the reason why people first valued it. Gold is also one of the least chemically active metals. It reacts with only a few acids.The most common use of gold has always been as money - Although coins were also made of metals other than gold, their value were also questioned, but the value of gold coins never was.By 1914 gold was the measuring stick of almost all the currencies in the world. This means that dollars from the United States, francs from France, euro from Germany, and so on — all had a set value in terms of gold. At anytime the currencies could be changed into gold. This system is known as gold standard and is no longer in use, but gold is still important in international trade.There are a tremendous number of uses of gold. About 10 per cent of gold produced each year is used by jewellers. Gold is used in dental work. Since gold conduct electricity well, it is used in certain types of electrical contacts.The scarcity of gold keeps its price high. Today, slightly more than half of all gold mined comes from South Africa. The world’s richest gold deposits were discovered there in 1886.It's a pirate's booty and an ingredient in microcircuits. It's been used to make jewelry since at least 4000 B.C. and to treat cancer only in recent decades. It's in the pot at the end of the rainbow and in the coating on astronaut visors.What's this element that bridges old and new — and myth and science — so seamlessly? Gold. Gold, the 79th element on the  Periodic Table of the Elements, is one of the more recognizable of the Just the facts Atomic Number (number of protons in the nucleus): 79 Atomic Symbol (on the Periodic Table of Elements): Au Atomic Weight (average mass of the atom): 196.9665 Density: 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter Phase at Room Temperature: Solid Melting Point: 1,947.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1,064.18 degrees C) Boiling Point: 5,162 degrees F (2,850 degrees C) Number of isotopes (atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons): Between 18 and 59, depending on where the line for an isotope is drawn. Many artificially created gold isotopes are stable for microseconds or milliseconds before decaying into other elements. One stable isotope. Most common isotopes: Au-197, which makes up 100 percent of naturally occurring gold.